Lattices

Lattices and word graphs are very important representation of search results serving as an itermediate format between recognition passes as well as interoperation format with various tools like with machine translation tools.

Lattice contain timing information and this way it can help to describe the recognition results with more details than plain 1-best string or n-best lists

Here is important bibliography on lattices:

Rescoring

HILL CLIMBING ON SPEECH LATTICES: A NEW RESCORING FRAMEWORK

Ariya Rastrow, Markus Dreyer, Abhinav Sethy, Sanjeev Khudanpur, Bhuvana Ramabhadran and Mark Dredze

This is a modern method how to rescore lattices efficiently

EFFICIENT LATTICE REPRESENTATION AND GENERATION

Fuliang Weng Andreas Stolcke Ananth Sankar

Another efficient algorithm for lattice expansion

Confusion Networks

Confusion networks are more simple than lattices still allowing to keep all important information inside

Lattice Compression in the Consensual Post-Processing Framework

Lidia Mangu,  Eric Brill

First paper about confusion networks